rutile titanium agglomerates

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Mechanically Activated Rutile and Ilmenite as the …

· The consumptive conventional process of titanium alloys production needs new innovative processes. As starting materials for aluminothermic reduction, natural TiO2 and FeTiO3 concentrates can be used. The keynote of the present chapter is …

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Synthesis of rutile titania powders: Agglomeration ...

· ratio of 250 produced rutile powders when precipitated below 45 °C. Higher temperatures yielded initially either anatase or mixtures of anatase and rutile. Spherulitic growth produced cauliflower-shaped agglomerates with a mean size of 760 nm. The agglomerates could be broken apart into approximately 100-nm large

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Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO2Nanopowders ...

· Titanium dioxide nanopowders doped with different amounts of Fe ions were prepared by coprecipitation method. Obtained materials were characterized by structural (XRD), morphological (TEM and SEM), optical (UV/vis reflection and photoluminescence, and Raman), and analytical techniques (XPS and ICP-OES). XRD analysis revealed rutile crystalline phase for doped and undoped titanium …

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Rutile and titanium particles differentially affect the ...

· Rutile and titanium particles differentially affect the production of osteoblastic local factors. Gema Vallés, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain ... Both types of particles aggregated in the culture media and were efficiently internalized by osteoblasts as agglomerates.

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TITANIUM DIOXIDE 1. Exposure Data

· equidimensional crystals or sheets and are composed of either titanium dioxide-rutile or titanium dioxide-anatase. A tubular structure has been produced from scrolling layers of titanium dioxide-anatase, which results in fibres with an outer diameter of about 6 nm and an inner tube of about 3 nm (Barnard et al., 2005). Non-scrolled nanofibres ...

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Morphology of a TiO2 Photocatalyst (Degussa, P-25 ...

· The TiO 2 powder (Degussa, P-25), which is a standard material in the field of photocatalytic reactions, contains anatase and rutile phases in a ratio of about 3 : 1. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the anatase and rutile particles separately form their agglomerates. The average sizes of the anatase and rutile elementary particles are 85 and 25 nm, respectively.

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Review of Genotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide - COM

· Titanium dioxide exists in nature in different crystalline forms - the anatase (tetragonal, CAS Registry number ) and rutile (tetragonal, CAS Registry number ) being the two most important. Fig.1: Natural forms of TiO 2 1 3. Titanium dioxide is …

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Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO …

· Titanium dioxide can be obtained in three crystalline phases: anatase, rutile, and brookite. The most stable phase is rutile and it is usually obtained after annealing at tem-perature above 500 C[20]. TiO 2 is transparent normally in the visible light region; its band gap is 3.0 eV for rutile and 3.2 eV for anatase crystalline phase. By doping or

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Synthesis of rutile titania powders: Agglomeration ...

A molar acid to alkoxide ratio of 10 and a water to alkoxide molar ratio of 250 produced rutile powders when precipitated below 45 °C. Higher temperatures yielded initially either anatase or mixtures of anatase and rutile. Spherulitic growth produced cauliflower-shaped …

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Influence of calcination temperature on anatase to rutile ...

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles with different ratios of anatase to rutile transformation were synthesized by the modified sol–gel method.The optical properties were investigated by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. Phase transformation, crystallinity, and crystal structure of the calcined TiO 2 samples were derived from X-ray diffraction analysis.

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Agglomeration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increases ...

· The terms agglomerates and aggregates are frequently used in the regulatory definition(s) of nanomaterials (NMs) and hence attract attention in view of their potential influence on health effects. However, the influence of nanoparticle (NP) agglomeration and aggregation on toxicity is poorly understood although it is strongly believed that smaller the size of the NPs greater the toxicity.

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(PDF) Rutile and titanium particles differentially affect ...

Osteoblastic IL-6 production has been shown to depend on the internalization of titanium particles, as indicated earlier experiments using inhibitors of phagocytosis and protein trafficking. 11,35 It could then be hypothesized that the lower size of intracellular agglomerates of rutile particles led to reduced IL-6 secretion, compared to titanium.

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Difference Between TiO2 Titanium Dioxide Rutile Type and ...

Anatase type TiO2 titanium dioxide has better whiteness, but its tinting strength is only 70 of rutile type. In terms of weather resistance, the anatase-type TiO2 titanium dioxide test piece began to crack or flake off after only one year, while the rutile-type TiO2 titanium dioxide test piece had little change in …

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Phase-Pure TiO2 Nanoparticles: Anatase, …

· The most stable modification is the rutile phase, while anatase irreversibly transforms into J Mater Sci rutile during heating at a transformation temperature that depends on the synthesis process ...

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{110}-exposed rutile titanium dioxide nanorods in ...

· Rutile is the most stable form of titanium dioxide15,16 on the macroscopic scale and is formed at high temperatures.17 In recent times, the synthesis of rutile nanorods has been commonly described, but the growth mechanism is rarely elucidated.18–20 This investigation describes the preparation of rutile nanorods

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1.1 Primary Particles – Agglomerates – Aggregates

· Agglomerates are an assembly of primary particles (e .g .joined together at ... (e .g .NaCl, CsCl, rutile, and corundum structures) . The bottom-up procedure results in the formation of small particles from crystalline areas that do not correspond to the ideal lattice (defect structure) . ... Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black as Representatives ...

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Mechanism, Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Rutile …

· At higher temperatures, titanium salt undergoes hydrolysis in the solution, which results in the decrease in its content therein. In the reaction mixture, at 200 C, agglomerates are formed and cannot be leached. These agglomerates are presumably the products of …

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(PDF) Synthesis of rutile titania powders: …

Rutile titania powders were synthesized via a sol-gel/hydrothermal process using nitric. acid as the catalyst. A molar acid to alkoxide ratio of 10 and a water to alkoxide molar. ratio of 250 ...

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TITANIUM METAL PRODUCTION VIA OXYCARBIDE …

· Title of Publication Edited by. International Titanium Association 2012 . TITANIUM METAL PRODUCTION VIA OXYCARBIDE ELECTROREFINING . Daniel Jewell1, Shuqiang Jiao1, Michael Kurtanjek2, Derek J. Fray1 . 1Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB2 3QZ; . 2White Mountain Titanium Corporation, Augusto Leguia 100, Oficina 812, Santiago, Chile;

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Sintering of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a comparison ...

· Molecular dynamics simulations of titanium dioxide nanoparticle sintering have been reported elsewhere (Koparde and Cummings 2005).Here we attempt to study the melting point depression of anatase and rutile nanoparticles in order to show that the nanoparticles involved in the sintering simulations are in the solid state.

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Mechanism, Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Rutile …

Rutile decomposition by sulfuric acid, including the formation of two salts, Ti(SO4)2/TiOSO4, is thermodynamically modelled. It is shown that TiO2 can spontaneously dissolve in H2SO4 solutions. However, titania is considered as an inert (ballast) phase component of titanium-containing raw materials due to the decelerated separate nature of such chemical transformations.

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Rutile and titanium particles differentially affect the ...

Particles were visualized using a spectral confocal microscope by reflection. Both types of particles aggregated in the culture media and were efficiently internalized by osteoblasts as agglomerates. Treatment of isolated cultures of osteoblasts with rutile particles stimulated the release of IL-6, PGE2, and GM-CSF to a lesser extent than titanium.

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