oil shale crushing process

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Oil Shale | Properties, Composition, Uses » Geology Science

Oil Shale is organic-rich sedimentary rocks that have contain kerogen (insoluble organic matter in sedimentary rock. When subjected to intense heat, these shales yield oil. ... crushing, and handling creating small particles called fines. Fines require different retorting approaches than lump shale. ... Extracting and processing shale oil is an ...

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oil shale | National Geographic Society

Extracting and processing shale oil is an expensive and difficult process. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are less expensive to extract. Australia, Brazil, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, and South Africa began mining oil shale in the 19th and 20th centuries, but they all stopped production by the 1960s. The U.S. ceased production in the early 1980s.

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Oil shale - AAPG Wiki

mining the oil shales, either underground or in open pits, crushing, and above-ground retorting (the process so far used in all oil-shale projects) in-situ processing, involving drilling into the oil-shale unit, fracturing it to increase its permeability, igniting the shale, …

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Oil Shale Processing - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sohrab Zendehboudi PhD, Alireza Bahadori PhD, CEng, in Shale Oil and Gas Handbook, 2017. 2 Description of Oil Shale Processing. Shale oil processing is defined as an industrial process to which raw shale oil is subjected to extract oil from it—basically a process to produce unconventional oil [1].Because shale oil exists as solid sedimentary rocks, its extraction is more complex than ...

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UMATAC Industrial Processes | Oil Shale | What Is It?

Oil Shale Prior to Crushing Kerogen molecules are very large and complicated. When the kerogen is heated to temperatures greater than 425 to 500°C (800 to 930°F) in an anaerobic atmosphere, the large kerogen molecules are broken into smaller pieces, similar in properties and distribution to …

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plants offer stability and fuel economy in ...

During the process, material previously classified as mining waste is separated into oil shale and limestone and then crushed into aggregates. Recycled oil shale still has 70-80% of the energy intensity compared to newly mined and enriched oil shale. "Besides oil shale processing, we can use the LT1213S flexibly to produce highly cubical ...

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CHAPTER THREE Oil Shale Technologies

requirements for the commercial development of oil shale. Surface Retorting Surface retorting involves crushing the mined oil shale and then retorting it at about 900 to 1,000 degrees F (Figure 3.1). The vessel in which this heating occurs is called a retort. The hot shale oil leaving the retort is not stable and must be sent directly to

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Utilization of Waste Rock from Oil Shale Mining

Power stations consume oil shale with net heating value Qr i = 8.4 ... 11 MJ/kg. Net heating values of oil shale used for retorting and chemical processing must be approximately 11.4 MJ/kg [PAPER II]. Annually circa 15 million tonnes of oil shale are extracted, 50% is mined in underground mines and 50% is mined in surface mines. Oil shale waste ...

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An Assessment of Oil Shale Technologies (Part 7 of 18)

Ch 5– Technology 121 Figure 19.–Oil Shale Utilization Mining & Crushing or In situ retort Wastes & b preparation byproducts 7 Treated Re-Use ~ % * Reinfection m ~ water Discharge a ~ o Y ? - …

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Environmental Sampling Of Paraho Oil Shale Retort Process ...

Shale will generally be mined by conventional room and pillar methods. Crushing is necessary before retorting. Shale is crushed in two stages—primary crushing at the mine and secondary crushing at the retort site. THE Central to the process is the Paraho vertical kiln shown in cutaway isometric in figure 1, It consists of a vertical vessel ...

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Economic Considerations of the Oil Shale and Related ...

Shale oil cost components include; mining, crushing, beneficiation and retorting of oil shale, and refining and upgrading of products. The fraction of mining, crushing and beneficiation costs are minor compared to the rest of the items. The grade and type of kerogen directly influences the economics ot …

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Oil shale - Surface processing | Britannica

Oil shale - Oil shale - Surface processing: Four basic steps are involved in the aboveground processing of oil shale: mining the ore (either through underground or surface mining), crushing the ore to a size that can be handled by the retort, retorting …

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Oil Shale Pyrolysis - Stanford University

Both Chevron (Chevron CRUSH process) and Shell (Shell in-situ conversion process or ICP for short) recently stopped their oil shale engagements at the Western Slope. [29] Companies have conceived different approaches to produce oil from shale.

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What is shale oil and how is it produced? – Colors-NewYork

During the ex situ process, oil shale is first extracted from the earth by surface or underground mining. Which process generates hazardous waste in mining oil shale? Surface retort, a critical process in oil shale mining, involves crushing and heating the shale, which generates solid and hazardous waste from the crushed shale and water that ...

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CASE STUDY OF SHALE OIL PRODUCTION

2.3.1 Royal Dutch Shell In-situ Conversion Process 12 2.3.2 American Shale Oil CCR Process 14 2.3.3 Chevron Crush Process 14 2.3.4 ExxonMobil Electrofrac Process 15 2.4 Classification of Oil Shale 16 2.5 Upgrading of Shale Oil 18 3 METHODOLOGY 20 3.1 Accumulation of Data 20 3.2 Comprehensive Study of Data 20

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Oil Shale vs. Shale Oil: What's the Difference?

Shale oil refers to hydrocarbons that are trapped in formations of shale rock. Fracking is a process that oil companies use to drill down into the layers of shale and open up the rock formations ...

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DENSE-MEDIUM SEPARATION PROCESS FOR OIL SHALE

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a pressurized two-product dense-medium separation process for oil shale, and belongs to the field of oil shale industry, in particular to the processing and utilization of oil shale. This process includes: pre-screening a raw oil shale ore through a 25 mm screen; crushing an oversize product, mixing with an undersize product, and separating by …

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US4737267A - Oil shale processing apparatus and method ...

A method and apparatus for the recovery of bitumen oils from oil shale. The method comprises crushing the oil shale to a predetermined particle size and mixing with an organic solvent to form a slurry. The slurry is then subjected to supercritical temperatures and pressures whereby the kerogen materials break down into bitumen oils which solubilize in the solvent.

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Oil Shale - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

James G. Speight PhD, DSc, in Shale Oil Production Processes, 2012 4.3.10 Oil Shale Exploration Company Process. The Oil Shale Exploration Company (OSEC) process has used the Alberta Taciuk Process (ATP), a horizontal rotating kiln process, for the development of Utah oil shale.. The continuous-flow retort, as proposed for the production of shale oil from the Australian oil shale, …

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US3586377A - Method of retorting oil shale in situ ...

This invention relates to a process for the recovery of oil from an underground, unmined zone of oil shale. Access is obtained at at least two points in the zone, which can be, for example, in a shallow zone, near the top and bottom of the zone, communication is established between the access means, and at least part of the oil shale zone is fragmented.

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COMPARISON OF HEATING METHODS FOR IN-SITU OIL …

Technologies for oil shale production include surface and in-situ retorting. This study focusses on in-situ oil shale production methodologies. The process of heating oil shale to the pyrolysis temperature can be achieved by direct or indirect heating. Direct heating geometries include the Shell in-situ conversion process (ICP) using downhole

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Particle-Size Fractionation and Thermal Variation of Oil ...

1 Oil shale and shale oil regarded as two unconventional oil and gas resources with huge potential worldwide attracted significant attention recently [21,22,23,24]. The in-situ exploitation of oil shale [ 25, 26 ] and the resource potential of shale oil [ 27, 28 ] are closely related to the hydrocarbon-generated process of organic-rich shales ...

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Problems and Policies of Oil Shale Development

The standard process for obtaining oil products from oil shale consists of mining and crushing the shale, retorting the crushed shale to obtain crude shale oil, and refining the oil into usable products. The Bureau of Mines' successful experimental operations have established that the shale

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Shale oil extraction | sudesca

True in situ processes do not involve mining or crushing the oil shale. Modified in situ processes involve drilling and fracturing the target oil shale deposit to create voids for the improved flow of gases and fluids through the deposit, thereby increasing the volume and quality of the shale oil produced. ... In the Union process, oil shale is ...

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US4587006A - Process for recovering shale oil from raw oil ...

A continuous process for recovering shale oil from raw oil shale using a new integrated hydropyrolysis/thermal pyrolysis technique which produces high yields of improved quality liquid hydrocarbon products and has unusually low heat and energy requirements, which process comprises crushing and grinding raw oil shale, mixing the ore particles with hot recycle heavy oil to form a …

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Shale Crusher And Processing Plant

oil shale crusher machine. PRODUCTION OF OIL FROM ISRAELI OIL SHALE. of oil shale processing in the following schemes: (a) retorting in a moving bed, pilot and bench scale units particles account for only about 75% of the crushing oil shale. Consequently, the PAMA in the design of a demonstration plant The. get price

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Method for extracting oil from oil shale - PRULL; PHILLIP EARL

A process for extraction of oil from oil shale as described in claim 1 and wherein said crushed oil shale is classified into at least four portions, one of said portions being of particle size approximately that passing a 1/4-inch mesh screen, a second of said portions being of particle size approximately that passing a 1/2-inch mesh screen and ...

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OIL SHALE - Earth Sci

The unconventional shale oil resource can be transformed into liquid hydrocarbons by mining, crushing, heating, processing and refining, or by in situ heating, oil extraction and refining. One tonne of commercial grade oil shale may yield from about 100 to 200 litres (L) of oil, that is approximately a half to one barrel of shale oil per tonne ...

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Possible Usage of Crushing Buckets in Oil Shale Mining

the crushed rock. The principle of oil shale separation in a crushing bucket is based on the fact that oil shale has smaller compressive strength than limestone. Compressive strength is the main indicator of crushability of a material [[13]]. Compressive strength of oil shale is dependent of surface hardness, cracks and moisture.

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(PDF) An Overview of Oil Shale Exteraction and Processing

The AGR process includes mining the oil shale and retorting these mined deposits in heating vessels known as retorts. ... high operating and safety costs are shown for the process due to crushing ...

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